Special Procedures of the Commission on Human Rights and the Human Rights Council
1. Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
The position was created in 1985 and is currently held by Mr. Manfred Nowak (Austria), appointed in 2004.
2. Working Group on Arbitrary Detention
The working group was created in 1991 and is currently composed of:
- Ms. Manuela Carmena Castrillo (Spain), Chairperson-Rapporteur, appointed in 2003;
- Mr. Malick El Jadji Sow (Senegal), Vice Chairperson, appointed in 2008;
- Mr. Roberto Garretón (Chile), appointed in 2008;
- Mr. Aslan Abashidze (Russian Federation), appointed in 2008;
- Ms. Shaheen Sardar Ali (Pakistan), appointed in 2008.
3. Special Rapporteur on freedom of religion or beliefThe position was created in 1986 and is currently held by Ms. Asma Jahangir (Pakistan), appointed in 2004.
4. Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
The position was created in 1993 and is currently held by Mr. Frank William La Rue (Guatemala), appointed in 2008.
The position was created in 1993 and is currently held by Mr. Githu Muigai (Kenya), appointed in 2008.
6. Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
The position was created in 1994 and is currently held by Ms. Yakin Ertürk (Turkey), appointed in 2003.
7. Independent Expert on the question of human rights and extreme poverty
The position was created in 1998 and is currently held by Ms. Magdalena Sepúlveda Carmona (Chile), appointed in 2008.
The position was created in 2002 and is currently held by Mr. Anand Grover (India), appointed in 2008.
9. Independent Expert on human rights and international solidarity
The position was created in 2005 and is currently held by Mr. Rudi Muhammad Rizki (Indonesia), appointed in 2005.
10. Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of human rights while countering terrorism
The position was created in 2005 and is currently held by Mr. Martin Scheinin (Finland), appointed in 2005.
The position was created in 2005 and is currently held by Mr. John Ruggie (United States of America), appointed in 2005.












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